CentOS

Details: Parent Category: Servers; Category: CentOS

At first grub boot prompt, you have 4sec to pres: [e]

Does not matter which grub kernel you choose as we are not really modifying the kernel.

With your [e] key just choose to edit the first one

add at the end the word "single", like so:

<YTABLE=us crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet single

and press [enter]

Back at the Grub menu press [b] to boot.
When the prompt comes up we are in single user mode

In this mode we are not required to authenticate and we can go ahead and reset the password by typing at the prompt:

[root@localhost /]# passwd

retype the password to confirm and the root password has been changed,

do a shutdown by typing:

shutdown -r now

Details: Parent Category: Servers; Category: CentOS

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Fixing the original problem

So we want to serve our files at /var/www/html and enable writing to log files and file uploads as well? Let’s play nice with SELinux.

First, copy the files as usual to /var/www/html, then set the proper ownership and permissions.

# Ownership
sudo chown apache:apache -R /var/www/html
cd /var/www/html
 
# File permissions, recursive
find . -type f -exec chmod 0644 {} \;
 
# Dir permissions, recursive
find . -type d -exec chmod 0755 {} \;
 
# SELinux serve files off Apache, resursive
sudo chcon -t httpd_sys_content_t /var/www/html -R
 
# Allow write only to specific dirs
sudo chcon -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t /var/www/html/logs -R
sudo chcon -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t /var/www/html/uploads -R

httpd_sys_content_t – for allowing Apache to serve these contents and httpd_sys_rw_content_t – for allowing Apache to write to those path.

You may use the 'sestatus' command to view the current SELinux status:

# sestatus
SELinux status:                 enabled
SELinuxfs mount:                /selinux
Current mode:                   enforcing
Mode from config file:          enforcing
Policy version:                 21
Policy from config file:        targeted

The 'setenforce' command may be used to switch between Enforcing and Permissive modes on the fly but note that these changes do not persist through a system reboot.

To make changes persistent through a system reboot, edit the 'SELINUX=' line in /etc/selinux/config for either 'enforcing', 'permissive', or 'disabled'. For example: 'SELINUX=permissive'

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Knowledge Base

CentOS

Reset Root Password - Redhat based linux

CentOS 7.5 + SELinux web folder writable by php/apache?

Fixing the original problem